论文中文题名：

《国共政争下广东信宜县的基层保安与官民互动（1945—1949）》

论文英文题名：

Grassroots Security and State-Society Interaction in Xinyi, Guangdong:

Local Governance Amidst the Kuomintang-Communist Political Struggle (1945–1949)

 

摘要

 

抗日战争胜利后，国共双方的政治问题再次成为时代的主题。为配合国民党发动内战，广东地区大量武装人员被调往东北、华北前线，南路地区武装空虚，国民政府不得不对地方保安团队进行扩充和整编。本文以信宜县为例，揭示国民党政权在统治的大后方，竭力防范共产党势力向地方渗透，基层保安系统的政治博弈内情。

信宜县政府尝试借助保甲以落实日常基层保安问题，依靠民众自卫队补充保安力量，通过联防连保连坐的模式，使乡邻之间互相监督，借助乡镇保甲长落实防范共产党的任务。然而部分乡保负责人却借此专形挟势，胁迫乡民，大行贪污勒索。同时中共方面在此地执行统一战线政策，有许多同情和支持革命的乡镇保甲长被争取到中共一边，在原岗位上从事地下工作。

随着解放战争的顺利推进，国民政府迫于形势宣布国家进入“动员戡乱时期”。为从民间汲取更多资源，国民政府的社会控制手段渐趋严密，白色恐怖在信宜愈演愈烈。在县政府“宁滥勿缺”的保安方针之下，被指认为“共产党员”者往往会面临长期的政治审查甚至遭受牢狱之灾。在此情况下，乡民纷纷在私人纠纷中引入公权力介入，指认其为“共产党员”成为攻讦对方的一种有效手段。信宜县政府构建的“限制共产党活动办法”在基层实践层面，乱象频发，反映国民党基层政权正濒临崩溃。

 

关键词：广东信宜  保甲  基层保安  自新 

Abstract

Following the victory of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the political confrontation between the Kuomintang(KMT) and the Communist Party of China（CPC） reemerged as the central issue of the period. To facilitate its preparation for the Chinese Civil War, the KMT government redeployed a large number of armed forces from Guangdong Province to the frontlines in North and Northeast China, resulting in a severe military deficiency in Southern Guangdong. The government was compelled to expand and reorganize local security forces.Taking Xinyi County as a case study, this paper examines how the KMT regime in its controlled rear areas endeavored to prevent the infiltration of CPC forces into local administrations, while revealing the intricate political dynamics within grassroots security systems during this process.

The Xinyi County Government enforced routine grassroots security governance by relying on the Bao-Jia system, supplemented local defense strength with civilian self-defense teams, and implemented a joint supervision and collective liability mechanism to impose mutual surveillance among villagers, assigning township and Bao-Jia administrators the core task of preventing CPC grassroots expansion.However, some officials abused their authority to coerce villagers, engaging in corruption and extortion. Meanwhile, the Communists pursued a united front policy in the region, successfully winning over township leaders and “Bao-Jia” chiefs who sympathized with the revolutionary cause. These progressive grassroots personnel conducted underground operations while retaining their official positions.

With the steady advancement of the Liberation War, the Nationalist government officially proclaimed the commencement of the “Period of Mobilization for Suppressing Rebellion” under escalating political and military pressure. To extract greater resources from civilian society, the regime intensified social control mechanisms within its remaining territories. Xinyi witnessed escalating political repression during this phase, a phenomenon commonly termed the "White Terror" in historical discourse.Under the Xinyi county government's stringent security policies, individuals identified as offenders often faced prolonged investigations and even imprisonment. In such circumstances, villagers increasingly resorted to invoking public authority in private disputes, where labeling someone as "communist" had become an effective tactic to attack opponents. The " Communist Party of China Activity Restriction Measures" established by Xinyi County Government at the grassroots level were plagued by institutional chaos, exposing the KMT's crumbling local governance structures on the brink of systemic collapse.

 

 

Keywords: Xinyi,Guangdong；Bao-Jia；Grassroots Security;  Zixin